Basic Starting point, just Hydrogen and Carbon
Formula: CnH(2n+2). Suffix: -ane
Example: Ethane
Includes C=C bond.
Formula: CnH2n Suffix: -ene
Example: Ethene
Alkane, one hydrogen substituted with a Halogen
Formula CnH(2n+1)X Example:Chloroethane
Prefix of halogen eg chloro- Suffix: -ane
Alkane, one Hydrogen substituted for an OH group
Formula: CnH(2n+1)OH Suffix -anol
Example: Ethanol
Alkane with two hydrogens from an end Carbon substituted for a double bonded Oxygen
Formula CnH2nO Suffix -anal
Example:Propanal
Alkane of at least 3 carbons with two Hydrogens from one of the middle Carbons substituted for a double bonded Oxygen.
Formula:CnH2nO Suffix: -anone
Example: Propanone
Alkane with the hydrogens on an end carbon repalced with a double bonded Oxygen and an OH group.
Functional Group: COOH Suffix: -anoic acid
Example: Ethananoic Acid
Compound formed by bonding between an Alcohol and a carboxcylic acid, which bond across one of the OH oxygens, prducing an ester and H20.
Functional group: R-C-O-C=O
Naming takes the form:
(Number of Carbons on Alcohol)-yl
(Number of carbons on carboxcylic acid)anoate
Example: Ester of methanol and ethanoic acid is:
Methyl Ethanoate
Alkane with three Hydrogens from an end carbon substituted for a triple bonded Nitrogen.
Functional Group: R-C≡N
Suffix: -anitrile
Example: Ethanitrile
Alkane with one hydrogen substituted for a single bonded N. Primary amines have2, Secondary R-NHR and tertiary have three different R groups on the Nitrogen
Functional group C-N
Suffix -ylamine
Example: Ethylamine
Amine with double bonded oxygen on the C-N carbon
Functional group O=C-N
Suffix -ylamide
Example: Ethylamide
Functional group is a benzene ring, with 6 Carbons 6 Hydrogens and 6 delocalized bonding electrons above and below the ring
Example: Benzene (shown in Kekule's structure due to the restraints of modelling)
